ABSTRACT
Upper airway myofunctional exercise is a training technique for patients with obstructive sleep apnea involving isotonic and isometric exercises of the upper airway muscles involved in obstructive sleep apnea designed to strengthen upper airway myofunction and improve patients' symptoms. The objective of this review was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of upper airway myofunctional exercise. A literature search was conducted using 8 Korean databases, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Of the 197 articles that were initially identified, 8 studies were included in this review. The results show that upper airway myofunctional exercise improved the apnea-hypopnea index in adult patients, and that it led to improvements in symptoms and upper airway myofunction when administered alone or after adenoidectomy in pediatric patients. On the basis of the current data, upper airway myofunctional exercise can be considered a safe and effective technique for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Adenoidectomy , Exercise , Muscles , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , TeachingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the attributes of social adjustment among adolescent cancer survivors using concept analysis and to propose a definition of the concept. METHODS: In accordance with the hybrid model of concept analysis, this study employed a three-phase circular process comprising theoretical, fieldwork, and final analysis phases. A thorough literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and Korean databases, followed by qualitative fieldwork with seven participants. The results derived from the theoretical and fieldwork phases were integrated into the final analysis phase. RESULTS: Four attributes of social adjustment were found in adolescent cancer survivors: having harmonious relationships with friends, having harmonious relationships with boy/girlfriends, fulfilling their present roles, and planning for and expecting future roles. The following definition of social adjustment of adolescent cancer survivors is proposed: “the conquering of difficulties arising from the continuum of childhood cancer and the achievement of the developmental tasks of typical adolescents.” CONCLUSION: Social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors is crucial for integrating them into society. The findings of this study provide a basis for developing an instrument to measure the social adjustment of adolescent cancer survivors and for developing of interventions that target this group.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Friends , Social Adjustment , SurvivorsABSTRACT
Upper airway myofunctional exercise is a training technique for patients with obstructive sleep apnea involving isotonic and isometric exercises of the upper airway muscles involved in obstructive sleep apnea designed to strengthen upper airway myofunction and improve patients' symptoms. The objective of this review was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of upper airway myofunctional exercise. A literature search was conducted using 8 Korean databases, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Of the 197 articles that were initially identified, 8 studies were included in this review. The results show that upper airway myofunctional exercise improved the apnea-hypopnea index in adult patients, and that it led to improvements in symptoms and upper airway myofunction when administered alone or after adenoidectomy in pediatric patients. On the basis of the current data, upper airway myofunctional exercise can be considered a safe and effective technique for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate measurement properties of self-report questionnaires measuring the social adjustment for youth after treatment of childhood cancer. METHODS: Social adjustment measurement tools were identified through a two-stage systematic review. First, we searched for articles using self-report questionnaires to measure the social adjustment of youth after the treatment of childhood cancer. The appropriate tools were listed and categorized. Second, using methodological filters, we searched 5 electronic databases for articles examining the measurement properties of the tools when used with youth after the treatment of childhood cancer. The quality of these papers was then evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. RESULTS: Eight tools were frequently used to measure social adjustment. Eight studies investigated the measurement properties of 4 of these tools. The PedsQL 4.0 and MMQL-AF had moderate to strong evidence in some domains, but the rest of the domains had a lack of evidence. The SF-36 and KIDSCREEN-27 were validated for only a few areas. CONCLUSION: We found a lack of evidence regarding the measurement properties of these tools. More research is required on the measurement properties of tools for use in this population.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Checklist , Social Adjustment , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify and systematically review the literature on the use of mobile technology in nursing education. The research findings could evidence the effectiveness of mobile technology in undergraduate nursing students' learning outcomes. METHODS: Computerized searches were conducted using the Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases for relevant primary studies and limited to those between 2000 and February 2018. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies published in either English or Korean were included and critically appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. RESULTS: Seven RCTs and 7 quasi-experimental studies were identified. The mobile device and intervention applied varied throughout all the studies. Studies published earlier in the 2000s found that immediate access to clinical and pharmacological referencing information through the mobile device increased students' efficacy in clinical practice. Later studies, which were mostly conducted in Korea, reported that smartphone-based applications could promote nursing students' learning motivation and satisfaction but not their clinical skills and knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: We still seem to be in the beginning stage of implementing mobile technology in nursing education due to the limited implication of mobile technology and inconsistent research conclusions. In the future, rigorous primary empirical studies are needed to suggest the effective use of mobile devices in nursing education.
Subject(s)
Clinical Competence , Education , Education, Nursing , Korea , Learning , Mobile Applications , Motivation , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Nursing , SmartphoneABSTRACT
The objective of this preliminary study is to investigate the effects of various head turn in hemiplegic stroke patients with pharyngeal dysphagia. Twenty hemiplegic stroke patients with dysphagia participated in this study. A patient with dysphagia from an upper esophageal sphincter disorder was excluded. All participants underwent a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) with a 3 mL liquid diet, and their heads were randomly turned to a neutral position, toward the weaker side, toward the stronger side, or to a chin tuck posture. To assess patient swallowing function with VFSS, the videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS) and penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) were conducted by a physiatrist blinded to the participant's characteristics. No significant improvements in the VDS and PAS were observed in patients with heads rotated toward the weaker or stronger side when compared with heads in the neutral position. However, there was a significant improvement in the VDS for heads in the chin tuck position when compared with those in the neutral position (p < 0.05). These preliminary results revealed that the head turn practice without VFSS, as a compensatory strategy, could not improve dysphagia in hemiplegic stroke patients. Therefore, compensatory postures might be re-considered with in hemiplegic stroke patients with pharyngeal dysphagia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chin , Deglutition , Deglutition Disorders , Diet , Esophageal Sphincter, Upper , Head , Posture , StrokeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To propose a new scale, the Feeding and Swallowing Scale for Premature Infants (FSSPI), based on videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) findings and to verify the reliability and validity of the FSSPI. METHODS: One hundred thirty preterm infants who had undergone VFSS were enrolled in this retrospective study. The FSSPI was developed by referring to the Baby Regulated Organization of Subsystems and Sucking approach. The FSSPI score for each VFSS video was evaluated by a physiatrist as well as by three experienced speech-language pathologists. To verify the reliability of the FSSPI, the inter-evaluator and intra-evaluator associations for the FSSPI scores were analyzed. To verify the validity of the FSSPI, the association between FSSPI scores and clinical characteristics including prognosis-related factors was analyzed. RESULTS: The mean gestational age was 27.3±2.8 weeks. The FSSPI showed a high degree of both intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between the FSSPI score and corrected age (CA) at the time of performing VFSS. Further, a significant positive correlation was observed between the FSSPI score and CA at the time of achieving full oral feeding. A significant negative correlation was observed between the FSSPI score and weight gain, between the 1st and 2nd month after birth, and between the 2nd and 3rd month after birth, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, we proposed a new clinical scale using VFSS to reflect the development of feeding and swallowing skills in preterm infants. Further, we verified the reliability and validity of the scale.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Deglutition Disorders , Deglutition , Fluoroscopy , Gestational Age , Infant, Premature , Parturition , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Weight Gain , Weights and MeasuresABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to assess social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors and to identify factors affecting social adjustment. METHODS: Data were collected from 79 childhood cancer survivors and his/her parents. The survey consisted of questions related to characteristics, physical functioning, depression, self-esteem and coping strategies. The Social Competence Inventory was used to measure social adjustment in the children. RESULTS: The level of social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors was 83.5 out of a possible 155. Physical functioning, depression, self-esteem, and aggressive or proactive coping strategies were associated with social adjustment. Only physical functioning independently affected social adjustment. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that there are several factors influencing social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors, and therefore there is a need for programs that deal with all aspects of children's physical as well as emotional health in order to enhance their social adjustment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Depression , Mental Competency , Parents , Social Adjustment , SurvivorsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We investigated compounds from food sources given to children that may induce the differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells in order to signal pathways that induce the prolif eration and differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells. METHODS: We analyzed small intestinal epithelial cell differentiation using in vitro IEC-6 cells model. The growth curve of IEC-6 cells was obtained by standard MTT assay. Alkaline phospha tase(ALP) activities were determined using the paranitrophenol colorimetric assay for the differ entiation of IEC-6 cells. We did ALP and Brdu double-staining of cultured IEC-6 cells to distin guish between differentiation and proliferation, and investigated compounds' potential for inducing differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells and protein kinase signal pathway. RESULTS: The calcium ion was essential for the differentiation of IEC-6 cells. Retinol and retinoic acid induced the differentiation of IEC-6 cells. beta-LG stabilized and increased cell permeation of retinoic acid. IEC-6 cells showed 3 or 4 times more ALP activity with co-treatment of retinoic acid and beta-LG. BSA and OVA accelerated differentiation of IEC-6 cells in a similiar fashion to beta -LG. But, pepton and casein didn't. Heat destruction of beta-LG, BSA and OVA lead to loss in the ability of these compounds to induce cellular differentiation. The PKA signal pathway involved differentiation of IEC-6 cells. IEC-6 cells proliferation increased by the activation of PKC signal pathway and decreased differentiation by PKC signal pathway. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that signal pathways are related to the proliferation and differ entiation of small intestinal epithelial cells and various compounds from food sources of childhood, such as beta-LG, BSA, OVA, and retinoic acid. These compounds appear to induce differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells and may play a role in stimulating regeneration of epithelial cells after small intestinal mucosal injury.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Bromodeoxyuridine , Calcium , Caseins , Epithelial Cells , Hot Temperature , Ovum , Protein Kinases , Regeneration , Signal Transduction , Tretinoin , Vitamin AABSTRACT
The association of carcinoma and tuberculosis in any organ is rare and in the endometrium is extremely rare. Only a small number of cases of endometrial tuberculosis with coexisting endometrial adenocarcinoma have been reported in the literature. We experienced a case of endometrial tuberculosis with coexisting endometrial adenocarcinoma and report with a brief review of literature.
Subject(s)
Female , Adenocarcinoma , Endometrium , TuberculosisABSTRACT
Impetigo herpetiformis is a rare pustular eruption that may be seen in late pregnancy. It is associated with severe maternal and fetal complications in case of misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. The patient was a 25-years-old multigravida with psoriasis in her past history. At 20weeks gestation, she had been developed erythematous scaly annular patchs with papules and pustules on inner thigh. At 37weeks' gestation, the patient was suffered from a severely pruritic pustular rash with fever and leukocytosis. The skin of the affected areas was biopsied and showed intraepidermal pustular abscess with a neutrophilic infiltrate. Treatment commenced with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, systemic prednisone, steroid creams, and phototherapy(UVB) under the careful fetal well being monitoring. Cesarean section was done due to fetal distress, and a normal healthy male infant was delivered, following which the patient's condition improved rapidly.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Pregnancy , Abscess , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Cesarean Section , Diagnostic Errors , Exanthema , Fetal Distress , Fever , Impetigo , Leukocytosis , Neutrophils , Prednisone , Psoriasis , Skin , ThighABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH). METHODS: Five hundred seventy-five cases of PIH and 7,702 cases of normotensive pregnancies who were delivered their infants at Wonkwang University Hospital from January, 1994 to December, 1998 were selected for the study. The data were collected by review of the hospital record and the statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests, and statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: The incidence of PIH was 7.1% of total deliveries. Among the PIH, the incidence of mild preedampsia was found in 59%, severe preeclampsia in 36%, and edampsia in 5%. The most prevalent gestational period was 38-42wks gestation in mild PIH and 33-37wks gestation in severe PIH & eclampsia. The incidence of cesarean section was significantly higher in severe PIH & eclampsia(72.2%) than in mild PIH(48.7%) and normotensive pregnancies(39.7%). The incidence of hypoalbuminemia, preterm labor, placental abruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and pulmonary edema were significantly higher in severe PIH & edampsia than in mild PIH and normotensive pregnancies. Compared with normotensive pregnancies or mild PIH, severe PIH & eclampsia had significantly elevated risks for low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, fetal distress, low apgar score, meconium stained, and neonatal deaths. CONCLUSION: The incidence of PIH is not decreasing and it still an important role in the cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in Korea. So, further studies are necessary to prepare a guide for the treatment of PIH.